A container truck checking out at the security gate at the Port of Larvik. PHOTO: PETTER ARENTZ

ISPS adapted to smaller ports

Implementation of the International Ship and Port Facility Code (ISPS Code) is the most comprehensive security measure ever to be put in place. Generally speaking the implementation is through Chapter XI-2, which contains measures to enhance maritime security, and is part of the International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). The measures are comprehensive, and there was always the worry that it would be too complex to apply to all the smaller ports around the world.

At least in Norway, the authorities have shown the necessary flexibility to adjust measures to the individual ports, while at the same time retaining the best possible level of security. But approval of security measures is a slow and sometime painful process, and many ports, not least in Norway, are far from implementation, even though the final deadline was 1 July 2004.

Challenge to small ports
We have looked a bit closer at the challenges faced by a smaller, regional Norwegian port, Larvik located in the outer Oslo Fjord. Port Director Jan Fredrik Jonas at Larvik has actively implemented the ISPS measures and won approval. However, he admits that he sometimes had his doubts as to the feasibility of some of the requirements in the ISPS Code. Larvik also has the added complication that it has two port sections, one for container and general cargo and one ferry terminal. Different solutions were found to secure both at a cost of NOK 500,000. The Port has worked closely with the port operators and found good solutions to a rather complex challenge.

The measures implemented at Larvik are adjusted to local conditions, but do in no way compromise security. A fully approved security fence, topped with barbed wire, encloses the container and general cargo and the whole area is surveyed by and external guard company. The arrangements at the ferry terminal are slightly different.

Here the port has fenced in the parking facilities with a gate leading into the terminal areas, where the ferry operator Color Line retains the responsibility for all security measures.

Port Director Jan Fredrik Jonas, donning the prescribed hard hat at the security gate at the Port of Larvik. PHOTO: PETTER ARENTZ

Three levels of security
Day-to-day measures at Larvik keeps the port at security level 1. However, Jonas has systems in place to increase to security level 2 and 3.
To get to level 2 the port must implement additional measures for a period of time if the risk of a security incident is heightened. Security level 3 is exceptional and will only be implemented when the port or local or national authority has credible information that there is a threat against the port.

Workable solutions
The Port of Larvik has found a way through the maze of different measures and agreed a security package within the spirit of the ISPS Code, but within the port’s financial means and the natural limitations which are found in every port.
After all, ports like Larvik, are fully working entities and as such have to earn a living.

//Petter Arentz